Jeff Jacobys Bring Back Flogging Essay - 1315 Words

Jeff Jacobys Bring Back Flogging This essay by Jeff Jacoby illustrates an authors use of ironic sarcasm otherwise known as satire to defend and illustrate his platform on his position. Jacoby uses in this essay verbal irony (persuasion in the form of ridicule). In the irony of this sort there is a contrast between what is said and what is meant. Jacoby’s claim in simple is he believes that flogging should be brought back to replace the more standard conventional method of the imprisonment of violent and non-violent offenders. His grounds for the revival of flogging stems back to his initial mention of the Puritan punishment system. He cites how in 1632 Richard Hopkins was Flogged and branded for selling guns and weapons†¦show more content†¦Jacoby’s argument of flogging attempts to show how it can be more productive over the conventional method of punishment seemingly the only way, imprisonment. His beliefs are that public whippings will prevent youths and first time offenders from becoming lifelong felons. The benefits deduced from his argument for flogging assuming it proves to be conclusive would be such. Lowering the rate of felons in jail, freeing up space for the more violent offenders. The appalling estimated amount of thirty thousand a year per inmate would be saved. A public whipping woul d not be associated with respect and sign of manhood or status symbol that prison serves for many offenders. Flogging he believes would deter many of the first time offenders and youth along with preventing them from being repeat and long time offenders. The pain, scars, and embarrassment of public whippings would far exceed the value or risk reward benefit of doing a petty crime thus forcing people to think about their actions before they did it. Jacoby contends that he is unsure whether being whipped is more degrading that being caged. At the end of his essay he draws attention to the point of the terrible risk of being raped in prison as an argument in favor of replacing imprisonment with flogging. I think that Jacoby appeals to the readers sense of sympathy for the wronglyShow MoreRelatedJeff Jacoby’s Bring Flogging Back1018 Words   |  5 PagesIn Jeff Jacoby’s essay Bring Flogging Back, he discusses whether flogging is the more humane punishment compared to prison. Jacoby uses clear and compelling evidence to describe why prisons are a terrible punishment, but he lacks detail and information on why flogging is better. In the essay he explains how crime has gotten out of hand over the past few decades, which has lead to the government building more prisons to lock up more criminals. His effort to prove that current criminal punishment isRead MoreJeff Jacobys Essay Bring Back Flogging1214 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Bring Back Foolishness† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Jeff Jacobys’ essay, entitled â€Å"Bring Back Flogging† was, in my sincere opinion, poorly constructed. There are numerous instances where I felt that he had either not supported his premises with valid information or had negated his support in later sentences. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The essay begins by drawing forth images of Puritan punishment. He cites two instances of punishment, which were particularly torturous and radical in natureRead MoreBring Back Flogging Essay1060 Words   |  5 PagesIn â€Å"Bring Back Flogging† Jeff Jacoby, a columnist for the Boston Globe, presents the use of corporal punishment as an alternative to the current system of imprisonment. Published in February of 1997, the article states that flogging would be a more effective means of punishment than jail. He insists it would be less expensive and serve as a deterrent to first time offenders. Jacoby’s thoughts on prison reform are legitimate, but his reasoning behind the use of corporal punishment is flawed. He failsRead More Do Not Bring Back Flogging Essay1032 Words   |  5 PagesFlogging†¦What is it? What purpose does it serve? For those of us who have never heard of flogging, flogging refers to â€Å"beating with a whip or strap or rope as a form of punishment† (â€Å"Flogging† 1). Throughout the 1600s, flogging was utilized by â€Å"Boston’s Puritan Forefathers† (Jacoby 1) as a method of corporal punishment for various crimes. Progressing forward, Jeff Jacoby, columnist for The Boston Globe, provides readers with his view of â€Å"Boston’s Forefathers’† system of punishment in his essay, â€Å"BringRead MoreSummary Of Bring Back Flogging By Jeff Jacoby795 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"Bring Back Flogging†, the author, Jeff Jacoby suggests that people should adopt some of the Puritans tactics to punish criminals instead of putting them in prison. In order to present his claim, Jacoby is based in the use of irony, logos, and ethos. According to Jeff Jacoby a moment of humiliation is better than a couple of years behind the bars. I do not agree with Jeff Jacoby’s argument because the examples he gives and the way he refers to the topic incite to vi olence, also during the developmentRead MoreBring Back Flogging by Jeff Facoby715 Words   |  3 PagesA columnist for the Boston Globe, Jeff Jacoby, in his article, â€Å"Bring Back Flogging† published on the op-ed page on February 20, addresses the issue of the deficiency of today’s criminal justice system and attempts to persuade us to bring back flogging as a punishment for certain crime. However, though his syllogism might arouse the reader and educate them on the need for reform, but it fails to convince the reader that corporal punishment is the best option. He supports his argument by providing

Assess the Potential of Three Sources of Renewable Energy...

After experiencing the replacement of manual and animal labour by steam engines in the Industrial Revolution, cheap fossil fuels then became the main source of energy. However, faced with the notable increase demand for energy, fossil fuel, as a non-renewable resource becomes scarcer and more expensive nowadays. To solve this problem, the world needs to replace fossil fuels with other sources of energy which are relatively low-cost and more secure. Renewable energy is such a potential energy. This essay will give an outline of three sources of renewable energy to be used in developing nations, which are solar energy, wind power and biomass. First, it will give a definition of fossil fuel and renewable energy, then it will move to analyse†¦show more content†¦Other developing nations such as Mexico, India, Egypt, etc are now making great efforts. Admittedly, it will be worth an investment if the expense continues to fall down to an acceptable extent, as predicted (Aringhoff e t al, 2005; Seitz, 2002; and Middleton, 2003). As another renewable energy widely used, wind power, which is now mainly used for generating electricity today, has been used for thousands of years powering human activities. Unlike solar energy previously mentioned, wind is caused by the uneven heating of the earth’s surface by the sun so that wind energy is an indirect form of solar energy (Volker, 2005). Wind is called a renewable energy source owing to the infinite sun shines. However, one crucial part of establishing a wind power system is high technology, which is now the main defect in the developing world. Even in some developed countries such as Demark, lack of expert engineers in the wind industry is noticeable. It is convincingly argues that there is quite an engineering challenge especially for the less-developed nations to design an efficient wind turbine harnessing energy and turning it into electricity. In addition, it seems rather a challenge to offer opportunities for technology transfer, training and practical experience for the industry and potential wind energy supporting industries and organisations for the current developing world. Contributions made by wind energy seem mainly to be theShow MoreRelatedEnergy Efficiency And Renewable Energy1975 Words   |  8 Pagescertain, the cleanest and most inexpensive source of energy is the one that is inexhaustible and can also be naturally replenished and readily produced. The next step would be to develop that type of renewable energy efficiently while also distributing it more effectively. The most rational way to create and produce energy is to generate it renewably by utilizing naturally reoccurring resources. Perhaps, that is why energy efficiency and renewable energy are gaining more and more attention from theRead More Geothermal Energy is the Solution to the Energy Crisis Essay1995 Words   |  8 PagesGeothermal Energy: A Solution to the Energy Crisis Abstract So far, scientists have not found a successful substitute for fossil fuels that can handle both the large demand for energy and solve the global warming problem. I propose that geothermal energy is a clean, widely available, and renewable alternative to the usage of fossil fuels. In this paper, I will explain how use of geothermal resources can be energy-efficient, environmentally clean, and cost-effective. I believe that the US governmentRead MoreCapital Ventures : Opportunities For Renewable Energy Investment10254 Words   |  42 PagesCapital Ventures Opportunities in Renewable Energy Investment: Case Study of China Table of Contents Abstract 3 Chapter One: Introduction 4 1.1 Background and Problem Statement 4 1.2 Research Objectives 7 1.3 Research Questions 7 1.4 Research Outline 7 Chapter Two: Literature Review 8 2.1 Overview of Venture Capital 8 2.2 VC Firm Opportunities in the Renewable Energy Sector 10 2.3 Market Opportunities for VC Firms in Renewable Energy 12 2.4 Empirical Evidence 13 2.5 ConceptualRead MoreA Report On Gaia Wind Turbine2207 Words   |  9 Pagescomprise of 16 women and 12 men living in 12 households. The location is on the longitude 0.120151 and latitude 53.484. The intending wind project will make available a suitable method of generating a clean renewable, sustainable and efficient electrical energy to Eau Bank farm community using a single micro wind turbine. The choice of turbine to be installed is based on certain design criteria such as economic value, physical robustness, quiet nature and high efficiency. Gaia wind turbine possessesRead MoreThe Role Of Carbon Capture And Storage On Climate Change Mitigation4013 Words   |  17 Pagesanthropogenic sources are the result of burning fossil fuels (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007); (Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, 2013). Through power plant combustion processes, fossil fuels were responsible for producing nearly 63% of the world?s net generated electricity in 2010 (International Energy Agency, 2013). Moreover, the global use of fossil fuels is forecasted to rise over the coming decades as global living standards increase. The U.S. Energy InformationRead MoreProcter Gamble : Business1681 Words   |  7 Pagesthem are from United Kingdom. PG has 23 brands with annual revenue of $1 to $10 billion sales, 14 brands with sales of $500 million. Almost all brands hold number one or two positions in their category. All the brands have significant growth potential. Procter Gamble manufactures cosmetics, personal care products, pet food and household cleaners. The Cincinnati-based company employs 138,000 people and reported revenue of $68.22 billion in 2006. PG is the parent company of companies such asRead More The Cost-Benefit Analysis of Solar Energy Essay3669 Words   |  15 Pagesresources, many economists have suggested that the use of alternative energy could alleviate the effects of overconsumption and the environments ability to replenish. Therefore, this study evaluates the potential of solar energy (SE) on society and the environment by evaluating a cost-benefit analysis between solar energy technology (SET) and conventional energy resources. Electricity and The Call for Solar Technology: Research on conventional energy resources has shown that the demand of electricityRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On Earth2580 Words   |  11 Pagesnoteworthy being climate change, with the significant increase in the concentration of greenhouses gases altering the climate of Earth (Walker and Steffen, 1997). The potential causes of climate change are a complex subject, with a wide variety of interwoven causes and consequences from both biogeophysical and human related sources (Peterson et al., 1997). While ecosystems have previously shown some ability to naturally adapt to climate change, this resilience have never been challenged by the pressuresRead MoreMineral Resources18511 Words   |  75 PagesUNIT 2: Natural Resources 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 RENEWABLE AND NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES 2.2.1 Natural resources and associated problems 2.2.2 Non-renewable resources 2.2.3 Renewable resources a. Forest Resources: Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies. Timber extraction, mining, dams and their effects on forests and tribal people b. Water Resources: Use and over-utilisation of surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams – benefits and problems. c. MineralRead MoreThe General Industry Environment Around The Oil And Gas Industry4330 Words   |  18 PagesCompany Background: Anadarko is one of the world’s largest oil and gas companies . With more than 6000 employees, the company strives to be the best at extraction and production of energy to meet the world’s demand. Anadarko’s headquarter is in The Woodlands, Texas, with other regional offices around the US as well as operations in ten other countries . Anadarko’s mission is to deliver a competitive and sustainable rate of return to their shareholders. They implement their business values in all

Logical Fallacies Free Essays

?TUDENT HANDOUT LOGICAL FALLACIES Explanation of Logical Fallacies * What is logic? * Logic is reasoning that is conducted according to strict principles. * How is logic related to expository writing? * When you write an expository essay, you are using logic to provide the layers of proof for your statements. * You are proving your thesis when you construct your topic sentences. We will write a custom essay sample on Logical Fallacies or any similar topic only for you Order Now * e. g. , answering the â€Å"Why†, â€Å"How†, â€Å"What are they† questions about the thesis * You are proving your topic sentences when you construct your primary supports * e. g. answering the â€Å"Why†, â€Å"How†, â€Å"What are they† questions about the topic sentence * You are proving/fleshing out your primary support when you construct your secondary supports. * e. g. , answering the â€Å"What do you mean†, â€Å"Tell me more†, â€Å"Why†, â€Å"How†, â€Å"What are they† questions about the primary supports * You can think of logic/reasoning as the answers to the questions that prove the thesis, topic sentences, and primary supports. * What is a logical fallacy? * A logical fallacy (a. k. a. rhetorical fallacy) is an error in reasoning. In expository writing, it is the wrong answer to one of the questions. There are many reasons why people come up with the wrong answers. Some of the most common reasons are listed below (see Different Types of Logical Fallacies). * Logical fallacies in writing signal two assumptions about the writer: * The writer is not honest; * The writer is not smart. * Uses for Logical Fallacies * Writers of advertisements, editorials, and political propaganda will use logical fallacies to their advantage. Different Types of Logical Fallacies * Circular Logic (a. k. a. smoke and mirrors) – an argument in which the writer supports his/her position by partially restating it. Another effect of academic failure is negative feelings. Depression, resulting from academic failure, will lower a person’s self-esteem. Similarly, depression will increase based a person’s despondency about the lack of employment options available to them because of their academic setbacks. * The topic sentence states that one result of academic failure is negative feelings. Thus, the reader will expect the writer to explain HOW academic failure causes negative feelings. The reader may also expect the writer to explain WHAT the negative feelings are. Depression is one type of negative feeling. However, the writer does not show how academic failure causes depression. Instead, he/she states that depression will lower a person’s self-esteem, which is very similar to depression. In the next sentence, the writer states that depression will increase based on a person’s despondency about the lack of employment. Because despondency is the same as depression, the writer has said absolutely nothing by making that statement. Moreover, he/she has lost the direct connection between academic failure and negative feelings when he/she chose to include employment. * Non Sequitur (a. k. a. Lying) – â€Å"It does not follow. † A statement in which the conclusion does not logically follow the premise. * Another problem with the current drinking age of 21 is that it results in abusive consumption. One way it results in abusive consumption is the long anticipation for the appropriate age, which is likely to create excessive drinking after it becomes available. A lot of young people who reach the legal age tend to go overboard when they are finally able to drink whenever they want. They do not care about their limits and the consequences of irresponsible drinking because nobody can tell them not to drink. As a result, they end up drinking too much. Another way it causes abusive drinking is that teenagers under the age of 21 are driven by the temptation of illegal activity. The age limit has not eliminated drinking for people under 21. Instead, it has pushed them to do it in private environments, where they can hide from parents and the law. * The topic sentence specifies that the current drinking age results in the abusive consumption of alcohol. In order to prove this topic sentence, the writer would have to answer the HOW question with regard to the topic sentence. To be specific, HOW does current drinking age lead to the excessive consumption of alcohol? Although the writer does answer the question, he/she provides incorrect answers. First, the writer contends that people who have to wait until a certain age to drink alcohol go overboard because they’ve waited so long. This is not true! People who are unable to control their behavior are likely a certain personality type, not a certain age. Even if the age were to change to eighteen (as the writer of this paper suggested), people with this particular personality type would still have the same problem. Second, the writer contends that people under the age of 21 are driven by a temptation to participate in illegal activity. Again, this is not true! People who have an affinity for illegal activity can be any age. Unless the writer can cite several reputable studies that confirm his/her claim, it is entirely false. * Slippery Slope (a. k. a. Exaggerating) – assuming that one thing will cause something extremely drastic. * Smoking marijuana will lead to cocaine addiction. When young people smoke marijuana, they normally become addicted to the feelings of pleasure that they derive from the activity. Once people become used to those feelings, they will seek something stronger. Eventually, they will try harder drugs. Cocaine is one of the harder drugs and very addictive. As young people seek a harder drug that will allow them to feel the â€Å"high† that they seek, they are likely to try cocaine and, unfortunately, become addicted. * The topic sentence makes a claim that is REALLY PRESUMPTUOUS! What evidence does the author have that people normally become addicted to marijuana? Has a study proven that? Even if some people do become accustomed to the feelings of pleasure associated with marijuana, it is a big assumption to determine that they will â€Å"need something stronger†. It is an even bigger assumption to determine that they will try cocaine as the â€Å"stronger† drug. * Ad Hominem (a. k. a. low blows) – a personal attack on an opponent rather than dealing logically with the issue itself * Another reason why teenagers should not be allowed to drive is because they do not make good decisions. Teenagers have not developed the social skills needed to be ourteous drivers. They are self-centered people whose negative attitudes are clearly seen in the ways that the currently behave while on the road. * The topic sentence states that teenagers do not make good decisions. The writer’s first primary support does begin to prove the TS because it answers the WHY question about the TS. However, the secondary support is erroneous. Instead of providing more evidence about the PS (by answering one of the appropriate questions associated with it), the writer insults teenager by saying they have negative attitudes and poor behavior. Red Herring (the hidden ammunition) – an argument in which the writer introduces an irrelevant point * Another way that illegal immigrants contribute to the economy is by working. Despite doing back-breaking work, many of the immigrants are barely paid minimum wage. People who hire illegal immigrants can pay them lower wages than a regular U. S. worker because the illegal immigrant has no rights. Employers who hire illegal immigrants know they can save money if they hire them, and they know the immigrants will not tell anyone because of the fear of being deported. The writer has lost his/her focus. The topic sentence specifies that the illegal immigrant workers contribute to the economy. Thus, readers will expect to see the different ways that the workers do that (e. g. , the jobs they obtain and HOW those jobs contribute to the economy, perhaps the goods they buy and HOW they contribute to the economy). However, the writer spends the entire paragraph focusing on how the illegal immigrant workers are unfairly treated. Their unfair treatment has nothing to do with their contribution to the economy. How to cite Logical Fallacies, Papers Logical Fallacies Free Essays The West Bank is an area on the Jordan River as described by Arian. The position of it has been the topic of concession concerning the Palestinians and Israelis. Israel disputes that its existence is vindicated because Israel’s eastern edge is not definite and according to the Camp David Accords in 1978, the decisive standing of it would be set only when there is a stable concord between the opposing states (Arian). We will write a custom essay sample on Logical Fallacies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Palestinian public opinion, on the other hand, is roughly undisputed in disparate Israeli settler existence on it as a breach of their right to autonomy. They claim it should be a portion of their realm and that the existence of Israeli armed hegemony is a contravention of their entitlement to independence. Furthermore, as stated by Arian, they must have the area to minimize Palestinian violence   by equipped intercession and relocation of the East Jerusalem Palestinian inhabitants. As a response to this issue, since there are a number of logical fallacies in it, the Israelis must either pull back or not. In view of the facts that the boundaries of both parties are not yet defined, they must first take action to set their frontiers as soon as possible to stop the dispute. Major logical fallacies that can be observed in the article which contributed to my conclusion are the following. The misuse of â€Å"not† can be observed in the part of the paragraph that â€Å"the Israelis must either pull back or not†. Abuse of â€Å"and† can also be viewed in the statement â€Å"Palestinian terrorism by armed intervention and transfer of the East Jerusalem Palestinian population†. Generalization can be seen in â€Å"transfer of the East Jerusalem Palestinian population†. Causal misleading notion like â€Å"Palestinian public opinion, on the other hand, is roughly undisputed in disparate Israeli settler existence on it as a breach of their right to autonomy. They claim it should be a portion of their realm and that the existence of Israeli armed hegemony is a contravention of their entitlement to independence† can lastly be perceived because one thing leads to another idea (Downes). References: Arian, Asher. â€Å"A Further Turn to the Right: Israeli Public Opinion on National Security†. 2002. 5 June 2007. http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/sa/v5n1p4Ari.html. Downes, Stephen. â€Å"Guide to the Logical Fallacies†. 2001. 5 June 2007. http://onegoodmove.org/fallacy/howto.htm. How to cite Logical Fallacies, Essay examples

Issues in Information Behaviour on Social Media

Question: Discuss about theIssues in Information Behaviour on Social Media. Answer: Introduction Social media has developed into an application which has encroached every sphere of our lives and is having major impacts on our ways of living, playing, socialising, learning and working. It provides a rich environment along with golden opportunities which assist in the analysis of information behaviour. The primary reason for this is the large amount of information in various forms such as images, videos and text are being stored in repositories that are accessible to the public and also in the consumers personal devices (Williamson et al., 2012). The social networking sites are very popular in the contemporary world and almost 10% of the total time which is spent on the internet is on the SNS. Sites such as Facebook, LinkedIn and MySpace provide the users with the social links and also a network of professionals while platforms such as YouTube as well as Flickr help the users to share their content (Centola, 2010). It is essential to study the information behaviour of the users who connect by using the above platforms as this will provide assistance in evaluation of the performance of the systems that are existing so that improvements can be brought about in their site designs and policies of advertising designing can be developed. Additionally, finding accurate models with respect to user behaviour about sharing of information on the SNS will assist in viral marketing. It will also help in the analysis of the way in which the workload of the social networks is providing assistance in the redesigning of the internet traffic. This in turn helps in the creation of the internet infrastructure of the next generation and also the content distribution systems. These are the reasons for choosing this topic for literature review. Literature Review Information Behaviour Information behaviour is considered to be an area that consists of a wide variety of behaviour of the users with relation to the information systems. It also includes the information which takes into account areas such as information need generation which leads to the information creation, information seeking, information sharing, management, assessment, encounter, giving and also using. Hence, the analysis of information behaviour and its various aspects is conducted in the context of the different tasks in day to day life. These are researched in terms of usage of the social media. Social Media Social Media is a concept that is much broad and comprises a wide variety of internet applications which help in providing strong support to the social communication which takes place between the people. Hence, its focus is primarily on the distinct type of interaction among the users, creation of online relationships as well as communities and content that is user generated (Turban et al., 2011). The definition of social media is also given as the content that is user generated and arises due to the social interaction that is taking place online. It has also been called as consumer generated media by certain researchers (Blackshaw Nazzaro, 2004) as it is an illustration of a number of new resources related to online information which are being initiated, developed, circulated and also used by the consumers whose main intention is to inform as well as educate one another about the brands, personalities, products and issues. Information behaviour is therefore depicted by the user generated content. Social media of six types have been identified as follows Social networking sites Content Communities supporting content along with virtual file sharing Blogs and Microblogs supporting online journalism Collaborative projects supporting collaborative authoring Virtual Social Worlds Virtual Game Worlds (Kaplan Haenlein, 2010). Characteristics of the Social Media Users It has been pointed out by research that the social networking sites are used by almost 73% of the adult internet users (Duggan Smith, 2013). Out of these adult users, several of them were using the Facebook but various other social networking sites were used by 50% of them. Regarding the characteristics of the people who use the social media many researchers have indicated that a clear distinction exists in the nationality, age as well as gender of the users. There is greater likelihood of young users using the SNS. Their frequency of use is also higher and the number of friends that they have on the SNS is more in comparison to that of the older users (Pfeil et al., 2009). Undergraduates were also found to use SNS more often in comparison to graduates and have more friends (Park, 2010). Women also use SNS more and have greater number of friends when compared to men (Moore McElroy, 2012). As per the survey, Instagram as well as Twitter are used more by women than by men while site s such as blogs, YouTube and sites related to user review are used more by men (Kim et al., 2014). Women make use of SNS for maintaining relationships whereas men use SNS for developing new contacts (Muscanell Guadagno, 2012) (Lin Lu, 2011). Other characteristics that impact SNS use are psychological as well as social factors like personality types and risks perceived (Cha, 2010). SNS as Extensive Sources of Information As per the various researches, human sources are the information sources that are the most preferred. These sources are associated with information about daily life showing that SNS are perceived to be more as information sources on daily life instead of being sources that are formal (Sin Kim, 2013). As per the research, only humans give information such as opinions, recommendations and advice (Dugan et al., 2008). Both localised and current information is usually provided by the users (Steinfield et al., 2009). Surveys also revealed that the people using Facebook had less likelihood of finding information via their Facebook network but they considered the information provided by the site was useful. Information that was encountered was more than what was being sought (Lampe et al., 2012). Interacting with friends was more on social networking while news sharing was more on sites like Twitter (Williamson et al., 2012). Socialising as well as networking was found to be the key purpos e of SNS while for discussions, asking questions, providing response to questions and sharing information voluntarily was more on online forums (Savolainen, 2011). Information Behaviour on Social Media The type of information behaviour which is favoured on the SNS is that related to daily life, asking as well as monitoring, browsing, opportunistic information being acquired, sharing, giving and publishing of information, voluntarily taking up of intermediary roles by the users, forwarding information after summarising it, behaviour related to social information, developing information communities along with information being used and evaluated. Thus, SNS have provided the researchers with an opportunity for developing holistic understanding with relation to information behaviour (Kim, 2014). The ratio of posts that are informational and socio-emotional is thus dependent on the kind of social media, topic as well as the community of the user. Online behaviour in case of SNS can be classified as behaviour that is interactive and behaviour that is non interactive. Interactive behaviour was classified still further into Hostile interactive behaviour which comprises flaming, trolling, spamming as well as cyber rape Collaborative non informational behaviour consisting of behaviour that is humorous, neutral and empathetic Collaborative informational behaviour which includes announcement, group project, query and responses to it Hostile type of behaviour is supposed to be unproductive and memorable. They give a range of information that leads to widening of views. Hence, informational hostile behaviour as well as non-informational hostile behaviour form the further divisions of hostile behaviour (Irvine-Smith, 2010). The forums related to discussions on investment have more posts that are information oriented and lesser number of posts which are social or hostile whereas the forums that are political have higher number of hostile posts (O'Connor Rapchak, 2012).The researchers are able to study three kinds of information behaviour from the content on the social media. They consist of the information use, integration of information and information behaviour which is critical. There is an interconnection which exists between them for instance if evaluative comments are posted by a certain user while responding to what has been posted by another user, the resultant can be a discussion which might led to other users also contributing information in relation to that. The following posts might try to make out sense from that information for collating the best possible answer. Investigations of certain researchers have indicated the presence of biases as well as weakness in the information behaviour. These are mostly found on the political social as well as the financial media sites. The posts which are related to discussions on the financial forum reflected that a confirmation bias is shown by the investors in the collection and also the use of the information which had been posted. Investors possessing a stronger confirmation bias were found to be very confident, they had expectations of high performance, traded very often and realised returns which were low (Park, 2010). The different types of interactive behaviours demonstrate the attempts which the users make for integrating information and synthesising the knowledge. Knowledge synthesis according to several studies is authoritative, distributed as well as undiscovered public knowledge. Information integration is often needed for arriving at a decision specifically in circumstances which are ambiguous and where there are doubts over the information available. Information integration takes place in cases where the user puts in efforts of making their identity socially as well as through self perception (Case, 2010). Conclusion The social media rise has heralded a new era in the research on information behaviour. However, a review of literature on issues in information behaviour on social media shows that research is still in a nascent stage. Till now researchers have been able to find clear differences in nationalities, gender and age and also in their purpose as well as frequency of using the social media, choice of the sites related to the social media, kinds of information that is posted and the number of friends that the users have online. The time has come for identifying characteristics of the use of social media that are more fine grained. These need to be found for various nationalities, communities and age ranges and multi-nation comparisons also need to be conducted. An in-depth analysis of the demographic factors, psychological, social, technological and also motivational factors that affect social media usage patterns is also required. There is also a requirement of studying specific issues rel ated to everyday life and the ways in which their saliency differs in accordance to the life stage of a person, community and situation. Bibliography Blackshaw, P. Nazzaro, M., 2004. Consumer-generated media (CGM) 101: Word-of mouth in the age of the Webfortified consumer. [Online] Available at: https://www.brandchannel.com/images/papers/222_cgm.pdf [Accessed 15 September 2016]. Case, D.O., 2010. A model of the information seeking and decision making of online coin buyers. Information Research, 15(4), p.448. Centola, D., 2010. The Spread of Behavior in an Online Social Network Experiment. Science, 5996(1194), p.329. Cha, J., 2010. Factors affecting the frequency and amount of social networking site use: Motivations, perceptions, and privacy concerns. First Monday, 15(12). Dugan, C. et al., 2008. It's all about you: Diversity in online profiles. In In Proceedings of the ACM 2008 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work. New York: ACM. pp.711-20. Duggan, M. Smith, A., 2013. Social media update 2013. In Pew Research Centers Internet American Life Project. Washington, DC. Irvine-Smith, S., 2010. A series of encounters: The information behaviour of participants in a subject-based electronic discussion list. Journal of Information Knowledge Management, 9(3), pp.183-201. Kaplan, A. Haenlein, M., 2010. Users of the world unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media. Business Horisons, 59-68, p.53. Kim, T., 2014. Observation on copying and pasting behavior during the Tohoku earthquake: Retweet pattern changes. International Journal of Information Management , 34, pp.546-55. Kim, K.S., Sin, S.C.J. Tsai, T.I., 2014. Individual differences in social media use for information seeking. Journal of Academic Librarianship, pp.171-78. Lampe, C., Vitak, J., Gray, R. Ellison, N., 2012. Communicating information needs on Facebook. Phoenix, 2012. Lin, K.Y. Lu, H.P., 2011. Why people use social networking sites: An empirical study integrating network externalities and motivation theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 22, pp.1152-61. Moore, K. McElroy, J.C., 2012. The influence of personality on Facebook usage, wall postings, and regret. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(1), pp.267-74. Muscanell, N.L. Guadagno, R.E., 2012. Make new friends or keep the old: Gender and personality differences in social networking use. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(1), pp.107-12. O'Connor, L.G. Rapchak, M., 2012. Information use in online civic discourse: A study of health care reform debate. Library Trends, 60(3), pp.497-521. Park, J.H., 2010. Differences among university students and faculties in social networking site perception and use: Implications for academic library services. Electronic Library, 28, pp.417-31. Park, J.H., 2010. Differences among university students and faculties in social networking site perception and use: Implications for academic library services. Electronic Library, 28, pp.417-31. Pfeil, U., Arjan, R. Zaphiris, P., 2009. Age differences in online social networking: A study of user profiles and the social capital divide among teenagers and older users in Myspace. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(3), pp.643-54. Savolainen, R., 2011. Requesting and providing information in blogs and internet discussion forums. Journal of Documentation, 67(5), pp.863-86. Sin, S.C.J. Kim, K.S., 2013. International students' everyday life information seeking: The informational value of social networking sites. Library Information Science Research, 32(2), pp.107-16. Steinfield, C., DiMicco, J.M., Ellison, N.B. Lampe, C., 2009. Bowling online: Social networking and social capital within the organization. In In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Communities and Technologies. New York: ACM Press. pp.245-54. Turban, E., King, D. Lang, J., 2011. Introduction to electronic commerce. 3rd ed. Boston: Prentice Hall. Williamson, K., Qayyum, A., Hider, P. Liu, Y.-H., 2012. Young adults and everyday-life information: The role of news media. Library Information Science Research, 34, pp.258-64.